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Dyeing, Printing and Finishing Editor
Deniz Koç is Tekstil Rehberi's dyeing, printing and finishing editor. Deniz covers dyeing methods, digital, screen, transfer and sublimation printing, embroidery, garment washing and fabric finishes, and refers to the relevant test standards on topics such as color fastness and chemical compliance.
Denim wash types explained: dry and wet processes, stone, enzyme, rinse, bleach, ozone and laser, their effects on strength and shrinkage, the sandblasting ban in Turkey and what to ask a washing plant.
How screen, rotary, digital (DTG), DTF, heat transfer and sublimation printing compare, which fibres each suits, and how to brief a print supplier and set test criteria.
Digital textile printing is a method in which a design is printed straight from a computer file onto fabric or a finished product with inkjet print heads, without preparing screens or cylinders. It has two main uses: industrial digital fabric printing on rolls of fabric and DTG printing on finished items.
DTF (direct to film) printing is a film-transfer method in which a design is first printed as a mirror image onto a special transfer film, adhesive powder is scattered over the wet ink and cured with heat, and the film is then transferred to the product with a heat press. The printing is done on the film, not the fabric, so the product needs no pretreatment.
DTG (direct to garment) printing is a digital method in which a design is printed straight onto a finished garment or product with an inkjet printer, while the item is held flat on a tray called a platen. It is the piece-printing branch of digital printing; Epson says it gives its best results on cotton.
Mercerization is a finishing treatment in which cotton, as fiber, yarn or fabric, is treated with a concentrated caustic soda solution, usually under tension. The fiber swells; the cotton takes up more dye and, if treated under tension, gains luster. In Turkish it is called merserizasyon.
Napping is a mechanical finishing process in which a fabric is run over rotating rollers covered with steel wire points, which raise the surface fibers into a fuzzy pile. It gives fleece, flannel and similar fabrics their soft, warm face or reverse. Turkish suppliers call it şardon.
Screen printing is a printing method in which ink is pushed with a squeegee through a tightly stretched screen whose non-printing areas are blocked. In textiles it is also applied to finished products and cut pieces, and each color in the design needs its own screen. Turkish suppliers call it serigrafi.
Sublimation printing is a dye-transfer method in which a design is printed as a mirror image onto transfer paper with disperse-dye ink, and heat and pressure then turn the dye into vapor and drive it into polyester or other synthetic fibers. It does not give a direct result on natural fibers such as cotton.
Dye houses and finishing mills in Turkey that dye fabric, yarn and finished garments, including mills that only finish. Compare them on fiber-dye match, lab dip approval and fastness reports.
Machine embroidery workshops in Turkey that stitch logos, names and appliqué on T-shirts, polos, workwear and caps. Compare them on digitized file, sample and capacity before you order.
Suppliers in Turkey of textile fibers, dyes, textile chemicals and printing inks, plus textile waste recyclers. Choose the sub-category that fits your product and ask for the product specification and certificate.
Garment and denim washing facilities in Turkey for sewn products: enzyme, stone wash, bleach, laser and ozone finishes. Get quotes against an approved wash sample and compare them.
Manufacturers, importers and distributors in Turkey of reactive, disperse, acid and vat dyes and of dyeing, printing and finishing auxiliaries. Compare them by certificates, samples and price terms.
Turkish workshops that print T-shirts, sweatshirts and jerseys (garment printing) and companies that print fabric by the meter (yardage printing). Ask about methods, samples and set-up items; compare quotes.
Companies in Turkey that sell plastisol and water-based screen printing inks, pigment printing pastes, digital textile inks, and DTF film and powder. Ask about the method, fabric, data sheet and certificates.
